Sains Malaysiana 50(2)(2021): 373-381

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5002-09

Degradation of Nonylphenol Ethoxylate-10 (NPE-10) by Mediated Electrochemical Oxidation (MEO) Technology

(Degradasi Nonilfenol Etoksilat-10 (NPE-10) oleh Teknologi Gerak Balas Pengoksidaan Elektrokimia (MEO))

HENRY SETIYANTO^1,2*, MUHAMMAD. MUSLIM SYAIFULLAH¹, I MADE ADYATMIKA¹, DIAN AYU SETYORINI¹, MUHAMMAD YUDHISTIRA AZIS¹, VIENNA SARASWATY³ & MUHAMMAD ALI ZULFIKAR¹

1Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia

2Center for Defense and Security Research, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia

3Research Unit for Clean Technology, Indonesia Institute of Sciences, Bandung, Indonesia

Received: 2 January 2020/Accepted: 12 July 2020

ABSTRACT

Nonylphenol ethoxylate (NPE-10) is a non-ionic surfactant that is synthesized from alkylphenol ethoxylate. The accumulation of NPE-10 in wastewater will endanger the ecosystem as well as the human being. Nowadays, NPE-10 can be degraded indirectly by using an electrochemical treatment by the advancement of technology. Thus, this study is aimed to evaluate the electro-degradation potential of NPE-10 by MEO using Ce(IV) ionic mediator. In addition, the influence of Ag(I) ionic catalyst in the performance of MEO for the degradation of NPE-10 was also observed. The potency of MEO technology in the NPE-10 degradation was evaluated by voltammetry technique and confirmed by titrimetry and LC-MS analysis. The results showed that in the absence of Ag(I) ionic catalyst, the degradation of NPE-10 by MEO was 85.93%. Furthermore, when the Ag(I) ionic catalyst was applied, the performance of MEO in degradation of NPE-10 was improved to 95.12%. The back titration using Ba(OH)₂ confirmed the formation of CO₂ by 46.79%, whereas the redox titration shows the total of degradation organic compounds by 42.50%. It was emphasized by the formation of two new peaks in the LC-MS chromatogram. In summary, our results confirmed the potential of MEO technology for the NPE-10 degradation.

Keywords: Ag(I) catalyst ion; Ce(IV) mediator ion; degradation; mediated electrochemical oxidation; NPE-10

ABSTRAK

Nonilfenol etoksilat (NPE-10) merupakan bahan surfaktan tidak berion yang disintesiskan daripada alkil fenoletoksilat. Pengumpulan NPE-10 dalam air buangan akan membahayakan ekosistem dan juga manusia. Hari ini, NPE-10 dapat digradasikan secara tidak langsung dengan penggunaan rawatan elektrokimia oleh teknologi yang maju. Oleh itu, kajian ini adalah untuk mengkaji potensi degradasi elektro terhadap bahan NPE-10 oleh teknologi MEO dan menggunakan ion Ce(IV) sebagai bahan perantara. Selain itu, pengaruh pemangkin ion Ag(I) dalam prestasinya kepada teknologi MEO untuk degradasi NPE-10 diperhati. Potensi teknologi MEO dalam degradasi NPE-10 telah dinilai daripada teknik voltametri dan disahkan dengan kaedah titrimetri dan analisis LC-MS. Keputusan kajian menunjukkan bahawa dengan ketiadaan pemangkin ion Ag(I), prestasi degradasi NPE-10 melalui teknologi MEO adalah 85.93%. Selain itu, apabila pemangkin ion Ag (I) digunakan, potensi MEO untuk degradasi NPE-10 ditingkatkan kepada 95.12%. Pentitratan balik menggunakan Ba(OH)₂ mengesahkan bahawa terdapat penghasilan CO₂ sebanyak 46.79%, sedangkan titrasi redoks menunjukkan jumlah sebatian organik yang digradasi sebanyak 42.50%. Jumlah degradasi ini ditekankan dengan penghasilan dua puncak daripada analisis kromatogram LC-MS. Secara kesimpulannya, keputusan kajian kami sah bahawa potensi teknologi MEO dalam degradasi NPE-10.

Kata kunci: Degradasi; ion perantara Ce(IV); gerak balas pengoksidaan elektrokimia; NPE-10; pemangkin ion Ag(I)

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*Corresponding author; email: henry@chem.itb.ac.id