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Sains Malaysiana 50(6)(2021): 1531-1541
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5006-03
Determination of Elements due to
Atmospheric Deposition on Barbula indicaMoss at Dalat, Vietnam
using NAA and TXRF Techniques
(Penentuan Unsur Disebabkan Pemendapan Atmosfera pada Lumut Barbula indica di Dalat, Vietnam menerusi Teknik NAA dan TXRF)
NGUYEN
AN SON1*, LE HONG KHIEM2,3, NGUYEN THI MINH SANG1,
DOAN PHAN THAO TIEN4 & HO HUU THANG5
1Department
of Nuclear Engineering, Dalat University, Dalat, Lam Dong, Vietnam
2Institute
of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
3Graduate
University for Science and Technology, Vietnam Academy of Science and
Technology, Hanoi, Vietnam
4Nhatrang
Institute of Technology Research and Application, 02 Hungvuong Street, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Nhatrang City, Vietnam
5Dalat
Nuclear Research Institute, 01 Nguyen Tu Luc, Dalat,
Lam Dong, Vietnam
Received:
23 June 2020/Accepted: 15 October 2020
ABSTRACT
In
this paper, two multielement analysis techniques, Neutron Activation Analysis
(NAA) and Total Reflection X-ray Fluorescence (TXRF), are combined to detect
elemental concentrations in Barbula indica moss collected at Dalat,
Vietnam. Combining these two techniques has improved the qualitative detection
of elements due to atmospheric deposition on moss samples. The concentrations
of 40 elements, including Na, Mg, Al, Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ar,
Sc, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br,
Kr, Rb, Y, Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm,
Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb, Hf, Ta, Pb, Th, and U in the Barbula indica moss samples
collected at 19 locations at Dalat have been
determined. It is shown that the air in Dalat is
suspected of contamination by Na, Mg, Si, P, S, V, Mn, Cu, Se, Br, and U;
slightly contaminated by Mg, Cl, K, Cr, Ni, S, and Ni; moderately contaminated
by Sc, Fe, Co, Zn, As, Kr, Rb, Y, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Dy, Yb, Ta, Pb, and
Th; and seriously contaminated by Tb. Factor analysis has been used to explain
the contamination sources of these elements, including V, As, Fe, Zn, Se, Rb, Sb, Cs, Al, Cu, and Pb in the investigated area. Four
factors have been extracted that can explain 86% of the total variance, and the
results suggest that the main sources of atmospheric pollution in Dalat originate from traffic and windblown dust.
Keywords:
Atmospheric deposition; Barbula indica; Dalat; NAA; TXRF
ABSTRAK
Dalam kajian ini, dua teknik analisis berbilang-unsur iaitu Analisis Pengaktifan Neutron
(NAA) dan Pendaflor Sinar-X Pantulan Keseluruhan (TXRF) telah digabungkan untuk mengesan kepekatan unsur dalam lumutBarbula indica yang diperoleh di Dalat, Vietnam. Penggabungan dua teknik ini telah meningkatkan pengesanan kualitatif unsur kerana terdapat pemendapan atmosfera pada sampel lumut. Kepekatan 40 unsur, iaitu Na, Mg, Al,
Si, P, S, Cl, K, Ar, Sc, Ti,
V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Br, Kr, Rb, Y,
Sb, I, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Tb, Dy, Yb, Hf, Ta, Pb, Th dan U dalam sampel lumutBarbula indica yang diperoleh dari 19 lokasi di Dalat telah ditentukan. Data menunjukkan udara di Dalat disyaki tercemar oleh Na, Mg, Si, P, S, V, Mn, Cu, Se, Br, dan U; sedikit tercemar oleh Mg, Cl, K, Cr, Ni, S, dan Ni; sederhana tercemar oleh Sc, Fe,
Co, Zn, As, Kr, Rb, Y, Sb, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Sm, Eu, Dy, Yb, Ta, Pb dan Th; dan tercemar teruk oleh Tb. Analisis faktor telah digunakan untuk menjelaskan sumber pencemaran unsur-unsur ini, termasuk V, As, Fe, Zn, Se, Rb,
Sb, Cs, Al, Cu dan Pb di kawasan yang dikaji. Empat faktor telah diekstrak yang dapat menjelaskan 86% daripada total varians, dan hasilnya menunjukkan bahawa sumber utama pencemaran atmosfera di Dalat berasal daripada lalu lintas dan debu yang ditiup angin.
Kata kunci: Barbula indica; Dalat; NAA; pemendapan atmosfera; TXRF
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*Corresponding author; email:
sonna@dlu.edu.vn
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