Sains Malaysiana 51(10)(2022): 3183-3194

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5110-06

Oil Palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) Shaded Model at Immature Stage II and Application of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) on Growth and Yields of Soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merrill

(Model Berlorek Kelapa Sawit (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) pada Peringkat Tidak Matang II dan Penggunaan Kulat Mikoriza Arbuskul (AMF) pada Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Kacang Soya (Glycine max (L.) Merrill)

CUCU SUHERMAN^1,*, F INDRI², SANTI ROSNIAWATY¹ & MOCHAMMAD ARIEF¹

¹Department of Agronomy, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, 45363 Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia

²Study Program of Agrotechnology, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran 45363 Jatinangor, Sumedang, West Java, Indonesia

Received: 7 July 2021/Accepted: 10 May 2022

Abstract

The practice of intercropping soybeans among oil palm trees is an approach used to optimize plantation land. Oil palm (OP) at the second immature stage (IS-2) or the age of 2 years provides shade of around 40%. This research aimed to observe soybean growth and yields under shade conditions close to those of oil palm shading conditions at IS-2 and to determine the optimal dosage of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF) to apply to the soybeans. The shade intensity treatment used artificial shading nets close to actual shade intensity in OP plantation, i.e., 40% shading. The experiment was conducted at the Experimental Station, Faculty of Agriculture, Universitas Padjadjaran, from October 2019 to January 2020. The experimental design used was a split-plot design with shade intensity as the main plots (0 and 40%) and AMF dosage as subplots, consisting of six treatments of 0, 2, 4, 6, 8, and 10 g/plant, with each treatment repeated four times. The results showed that at 10 weeks after planting, the interaction effect of 40% shade intensity with a dosage of 10 g AMF per plant resulted in the highest chlorophyll index. Independently, the AMF dosage of 10 g per plant produced the maximum plant height, number of productive branches, dry weight of plants, and number of seeds per pod.

Keywords: Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi; immature plant; oil palm; shade intensity; soybean

Abstrak

Amalan penanaman kacang soya di antara pokok kelapa sawit merupakan pendekatan yang digunakan untuk mengoptimumkan tanah ladang. Kelapa sawit (OP) pada peringkat belum matang ke-2 (IS-2) atau berumur 2 tahun memberikan teduhan sekitar 40%. Penyelidikan ini bertujuan untuk melihat pertumbuhan dan hasil kacang soya di bawah keadaan teduhan yang hampir dengan keadaan teduhan kelapa sawit di IS-2 dan untuk menentukan dos optimum Kulat Mikoriza Arbuskul (AMF) untuk digunakan pada kacang soya. Rawatan keamatan teduhan menggunakan jaring teduhan tiruan hampir dengan keamatan teduhan sebenar di ladang OP, iaitu 40%. Uji kaji telah dijalankan di Stesen Eksperimen, Fakulti Pertanian, Universitas Padjadjaran, dari Oktober 2019 hingga Januari 2020. Reka bentuk uji kaji yang digunakan adalah reka bentuk plot terpisah dengan keamatan teduhan sebagai plot utama (0 dan 40%) dan dos AMF sebagai subplot, yang terdiri daripada enam rawatan 0, 2, 4, 6, 8 dan 10 g/tanaman, dengan setiap rawatan diulang empat kali. Keputusan menunjukkan bahawa pada 10 minggu selepas penanaman, kesan interaksi 40% keamatan teduh dengan dos 10 g AMF setiap tumbuhan menghasilkan indeks klorofil yang paling tinggi. Secara tidak langsung, dos AMF sebanyak 10 g setiap tumbuhan menghasilkan ketinggian tumbuhan, bilangan cawangan produktif, berat kering tumbuhan dan bilangan biji setiap buah yang maksimum.

Kata kunci: Kacang soya; kelapa sawit; keamatan teduhan; Kulat Mikoriza Arbuskul; tumbuhan tidak matang

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^*Corresponding author; email: cucu.suherman@unpad.ac.id