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Sains Malaysiana 51(3)(2022): 679-693
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5103-04
Suatu Ulasan Kritis Kajian Keperluan
Pemfluoridaan Air di dalam Proses Rawatan Air
(A Critical Review on the Research of
Water Fluoridation Necessity in a Water Treatment Process)
ROSIAH ROHANI1,2,*,
SITI AISHAH BASIRON1,3,
THINISHAA DHANA GOPAL1,
NURUL SURAYA ROSLI1,
NADIAH KHAIRUL ZAMAN1,
IZZATI IZNI YUSOFF1 & HARLINA ALI HANAFIAH4
1Jabatan
Kejuruteraan Kimia dan Proses, Fakulti
Kejuruteraan dan Alam Bina, Universiti
Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600
UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Received: 4 May
2021/ Accepted:
7 August 2021
Abstrak
Pemfluoridaan air merupakan proses penambahan bahan
fluorida di dalam sumber air terawat sehingga tahap fluorida di dalam air
tersebut mencapai tahap yang disarankan oleh pihak berkuasa dan seterusnya
memberi manfaat kepada pengguna untuk kebaikan gigi dan tulang. Kementerian
Kesihatan Malaysia (KKM) telah mengesyorkan julat nilai kepekatan dos fluorida
dalam sistem air di Malaysia adalah dalam lingkungan nilai 0.4 mg/L hingga 0.6
mg/L. Ion fluorida bukanlah suatu keperluan bagi pertumbuhan manusia tetapi dianggap
penting untuk mengelakkan kerosakan gigi dan tulang, terutamanya kepada
kanak-kanak. Kajian kritis yang telah dijalankan ini memfokuskan kepada
keperluan pemfluoridaan air terawat di dalam proses rawatan air. Berdasarkan
kajian ini, kandungan unsur fluorida dalam air mentah mempengaruhi proses
pemfluoridaan air memandangkan kandungan unsur tersebut di dalam air minuman
tidak boleh melebihi had yang ditetapkan oleh pihak berkuasa. Terdapat beberapa
jenis bahan berfluorida yang biasa digunakan bagi pemfluoridaan air, antaranya
natrium fluorida, natrium silikofluorida dan asid fluorosilisik. Penambahan
bahan berfluorida ini ke dalam air hendaklah mematuhi dos yang tepat bagi
memberi manfaat kepada pengguna dan seterusnya mengelakkan penyakit berkaitan fluorida.
Kesimpulannya, pengawasan yang berterusan terhadap kepekatan fluorida pada
pelbagai peringkat sama ada dalam peringkat pengumpulan air mentah, rawatan air
dan pengagihan air terawat adalah penting bagi memastikan air dengan kandungan
fluorida yang optimum dapat dibekalkan kepada pengguna.
Kata kunci: Ion fluorida; kerosakan gigi; nilai
piawai; pemfluoridaan; rawatan air
Abstract
Water fluoridation is a process of adding fluoride
into treated water source until the level of fluoride in the water reaches the
level recommended by the authorities and in turn benefitting the consumers for
good dental and bones. The Ministry of Health Malaysia (KKM) has set a range
for fluoride dosage concentration in water systems in Malaysia which are around
0.4 mg/L to 0.6 mg/L. Fluoride ion is not essential for human growth, but it is
more beneficial in prevention of dental and bone caries, especially for
children. This critical study has been conducted to focus on the necessity of
fluoridation of treated water in the water treatment process. Based on this
study, the concentration of fluoride in raw water affects the water
fluoridation process as the concentration of this element in the drinking water
should not exceed the limits set by the authorities. There are several types of
fluoridating agent that are commonly used for water fluoridation, including
sodium fluoride, sodium silicofluoride and fluorosilicic acid. The addition of
the fluoridating agent into the water must comply with the accurate dosage to
benefit the consumer, thus preventing fluoride-related diseases. In conclusion,
continuous monitoring of fluoride concentration at various levels such as in
raw water collection, water treatment and treated water distribution is
important to ensure that water with optimal fluoride concentration can be
supplied to consumers.
Keywords: Dental caries; fluoridation; fluoride
ion; standard value; water treatment
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*Corresponding author; email: rosiah@ukm.edu.my
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