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Sains
Malaysiana 51(3)(2022): 707-721
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5103-06
Significant Oil Palm Diseases Impeding Global Industry: A
Review
(Penyakit Penting Sawit yang Menghalang Industri Global: Satu
Ulasan)
MOHD AMAR SHAFIQ SAIPOL ANUAR &
NUSAIBAH SYD ALI*
Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Received: 28 May 2020/Accepted: 11 August 2021
Abstract
Oil palm
is the most well-known high yielding and versatile oil crop grown. In 2019,
Malaysia ranked as the world's second largest producer of palm oil products
(28%) after Indonesia (57%), contributing around USD 9.07 billion to the
country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and has been the main economic
contributor in the agriculture sector. In recent years, increase in demand has
paralleled production. However, pests and diseases have been the major
constraints in production causing reduction in palm oil quality and yield. This
paper reviews a current status of oil palm diseases of significant economic
importance affecting the global oil palm industry. Plant diseases such as basal
stem rot (BSR), Fusarium wilt, Phytophthora bud rot, Pestalotiopsis leaf spot,
common spear rot, orange spotting and upper stem rot (USR) have been classified
as the major diseases of oil palm in terms of economic importance. This paper
discusses on the damages caused by the diseases, the causal pathogens and
pathogenicity, symptoms as well as treatments or control in the view of
developing measures to manage occurrences.
Keywords:
Disease control; oil palm diseases; pathogen
Abstrak
Kelapa
sawit terkenal sebagai tanaman yang menghasilkan minyak yang tinggi dan
versatil. Pada tahun 2019, Malaysia merupakan pengeluar produk minyak sawit
kedua terbesar di dunia (28%) selepas Indonesia (57%) dengan menyumbang
sebanyak USD9.07 bilion kepada Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar (KDNK), sekaligus
menjadi penyumbang ekonomi utama dalam sektor pertanian negara. Beberapa tahun
kebelakangan ini, peningkatan permintaan adalah selari dengan pengeluaran.
Namun begitu, serangan perosak dan penyakit menjadi kekangan utama dalam
pengeluaran yang menyebabkan kemerosotan kuantiti serta kualiti minyak sawit.
Kertas ini mengulas status semasa penyakit tanaman sawit yang mempunyai
kepentingan ekonomi yang ketara serta mempengaruhi industri sawit secara
global. Penyakit seperti reput pangkal batang (BSR), layu Fusarium, reput tunas
Phytophthora, bintik daun Pestalotiopsis, reput daun muda biasa, bintikan oren
dan reput batang atas (USR) telah dikelaskan sebagai penyakit utama sawit.
Kertas ini membincangkan kerosakan yang disebabkan oleh penyakit pada sawit,
patogen penyebab, keupayaan patogen menyebabkan penyakit, simptom serta rawatan
atau kawalan dengan tujuan untuk membangunkan langkah bagi menguruskan kejadian
jangkitan.
Kata
kunci: Kawalan penyakit; patogen; penyakit kelapa sawit
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*Corresponding author; email: nusaibah@upm.edu.my
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