Sains Malaysiana 51(4)(2022): 1045-1059

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5104-08

Kesan Kaedah Pengeringan dan Pelarut yang Berbeza terhadap Kandungan Fenol, Aktiviti Antioksidan dan Antihiperglisemik Ekstrak Rizom Halia Hutan (Alpinia mutica Roxb.)

(Effect of Different Drying Methods and Solvents on Phenol Content, Antioxidant and Antihyperglycemic Activity of Ginger Rhizome Extract (Alpinia mutica Roxb.))

LIM CHUE LI¹,  HAFEEDZA ABDUL RAHMAN^1,2,*, ZULIKA ARSHAD¹, NAJIHAH HASSAN NOORHADI¹, NOORUL SYUHADA MOHD RAZALI^1,2, SENG JOE LIM^1,2 & NOOR-SOFFALINA SOFIAN-SENG^1,2

¹Jabatan Sains Makanan, Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Pusat Inovasi Teknologi Manisan (MANIS), Fakulti Sains dan Teknologi, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 18 May 2021/Accepted: 7 September 2021

Abstrak

Alpinia mutica Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), juga dikenali sebagai halia hutan ialah sejenis tumbuhan yang kaya dengan sumber bahan bioaktif, berupaya menentang sel kanser dan berpotensi untuk bertindak sebagai agen antioksidan. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk mengkaji kesan kaedah pengeringan (pengeringan ketuhar (PK) dan sejuk beku (PB)) serta penggunaan campuran pelarut etanol dan air pada nisbah yang berbeza (100:0, 50:50 dan 0:100) terhadap kandungan fenol, aktiviti antioksidan dan antihiperglisemik ekstrak rizom A. mutica (ERA). Kandungan fenol ERA dikaji dengan ujian penentuan Jumlah Kandungan Fenol (TPC) manakala aktiviti antioksidan ditentukan dengan Ujian Aktiviti Penyingkiran Radikal Bebas (DPPH) dan Ujian Kuasa Penurunan Ferik (FRAP). Aktiviti antihiperglisemik dikaji melalui perencatan enzim α-glukosidase. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa penggunaan kaedah pengeringan dan pelarut yang berbeza mempengaruhi kandungan fenol, aktiviti antioksidan dan kesan antihiperglisemik ERA. Sampel PK yang diekstrak dengan nisbah pelarut 100:0 menunjukkan aktiviti antioksidan (DPPH) dan kesan antihiperglisemik yang terbaik dengan nilai kepekatan perencatan separuh maksimum (IC₅₀) yang paling rendah, 550.94 ± 50.02 dan 84.97 ± 11.69 µg/mL. Sampel PK (100:0) juga mencatatkan kandungan fenol (155.55 ± 9.36 mg GAE/g ekstrak) dan nilai FRAP (108.98 ± 10.08 mg TEAC/g ekstrak) yang tertinggi dengan perbezaan yang ketara berbanding dengan sampel lain (p < 0.05). Korelasi positif antara TPC dengan aktiviti antioksidan dan antihiperglisemik menunjukkan kebarangkalian bahawa sebatian fenol ialah komponen yang bertanggungjawab terhadap aktiviti biologi yang diperoleh. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahawa teknik pengeringan dan nisbah pelarut ekstrak yang digunakan jelas mempengaruhi kandungan fenol, aktiviti antioksidan dan kesan antihiperglisemik (ERA).

Kata kunci: Aktiviti biologi; makanan fungsian; pengeringan ketuhar; pengeringan sejuk beku; sebatian bioaktif

Abstract

Alpinia mutica Roxb. (Zingiberaceae), also known as halia hutan is a plant rich in various bioactive compounds (i.e. α-terpineol, linalool and camphor) that are reported to be capable of fighting cancer cells and has the potential to act as a natural antioxidant. This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different drying methods (oven drying (OD) and freeze-drying (FD)) and different extraction solvent ratio of ethanol:water (100:0, 50:50 and 0:100) on the phenolic content, antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activity of A. mutica rhizome extract (ERA). The phenolic content of ERA was determined using Total Phenolic Content (TPC) while antioxidant activity was measured using DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) Free Radical Scavenging test and Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power (FRAP) test. Antihyperglycemic activity was determined by measuring the inhibition of α-glucosidase enzyme activity. Using the Pearson Correlation test,  the correlation between phenolic content and antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activity was evaluated. The findings of this study indicated that the different drying methods and types of solvent may have significant effects on the phenolic contents, antioxidant and antihyperglycemic activity of ERA. Sample OD extracted with 100:0 showed the best antioxidant (DPPH) and antihyperglycemic activity with the lowest IC₅₀ value of 550.94 ± 50.02 and 84.97 ± 11.69 µg/mL. PK (100:0) also showed highest phenolic content (155.55 ± 9.36 mg GAE/g extract) and FRAP value (108.98 ± 10.08 mg TEAC/g extract) significantly (p < 0.05) compared to other samples. A positive correlation between TPC with antioxidant and anti-hyperglycemic activity showed that the phenolic compound may be responsible for the biological activity obtained. This finding suggested that the total phenolic content,  antioxidant and antihyperglycemic effects of ERA is significantly influenced by drying technique and extraction solvents used.

Keywords: Bioactive compounds; biological activity; freeze-drying; functional food; oven drying

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^* Corresponding author; email: hafeedzarahman@ukm.edu.my