Sains Malaysiana 51(4)(2022): 1261-1269

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5104-24

Solar Radio Burst Type II Characteristics and Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) Structure Based on the Presence of a Moreton Wave

(Pencirian Letupan Suria Radio Jenis II dan Struktur Letusan Jisim Korona (CME) Berdasarkan Kehadiran Gelombang Moreton)

Z.S. HAMIDI^1,2*, N.H.ZAINOL², N.N.M.SHARIFF^2,3 & N. MOHAMAD ANSOR^1,2

¹School of Physics and Material Science, Faculty of Applied Sciences, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

²Institute of Science, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

³Academy of Islamic and Contemporary Studies, Universiti Teknologi MARA, 40450 Shah Alam, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Received: 20 June 2021/Accepted: 19 August 2021

Abstract

The Moreton wave has been extensively studied in explaining the relation between solar flare, Coronal Mass Ejections (CMEs) and Solar Radio Solar Burst Type II (SRBT II) phenomena. The purpose of this study was to determine whether Moreton waves have an impact on CME structure based on SRBT II parameters. The drift rate and structures of 28 SRBT II events selected from year 2014 to 2017 and observed by using ground-based Compound Low-cost Low Frequency Transportable Observatory (CALLISTO) spectrometer were determined. The CME data such as width angle and velocity were obtained from Large Angle Spectroscopy Coronagraph Observatory (LASCO) instrument, while solar flare class and its Active Region (AR) were attained from the Geostationary Operational Environmental Satellite (GOES). From the results, impulsive CME events have X, M and C class of solar flare in the presence of Moreton wave by using GONG data archive while gradual CME were associated with C or B class of solar flare. Impulsive CMEs have an angle of width more than 60° and velocity more than 500 km/s associated with both herringbone (HB) and harmonic structure of SRBT II. However, 30% of gradual CMEs which are associated with HB structure of SRBT II did not accompany by Moreton wave presence. Therefore, we can deduce that the impulsive CMEs are formed under the influence of Moreton wave and gradual CMEs emerged without the Moreton wave, based on the structure of SRBT II.

Keywords: Active Region; coronal mass ejections; Moreton wave; solar flare; solar radio solar burst type II

Abstrak

Gelombang Moreton telah dikaji secara meluas dalam menerangkan hubungan antara suar suria, Letusan Jisim Korona (CMEs) dan fenomenon Letupan Suria Radio Jenis II (SRBT II). Tujuan kajian ini adalah untuk menentukan sama ada gelombang Moreton mempunyai kesan ke atas struktur CME berdasarkan parameter SRBT II. Kadar hanyutan dan struktur 28 kejadian SRBT II yang dipilih dari tahun 2014 hingga 2017 dan diperhatikan dengan menggunakan peranti bumi spektrometer Majmuk Balai Cerap Boleh Angkut Kos Rendah Frekuensi Rendah (CALLISTO) telah ditentukan. Data CME seperti sudut lebar dan halaju diperoleh daripada instrumen Balai Cerap Graf Korona Spektroskopi Sudut Besar (LASCO), manakala kelas suar suria dan Wilayah Aktif (AR) diperoleh daripada Satelit Geopegun Operasi Alam Sekitar (GOES). Daripada keputusan, kejadian CME impulsif mempunyai kelas X, M dan C suar suria dengan kehadiran gelombang Moreton dengan menggunakan data arkib GONG manakala CME beransur-ansur dikaitkan dengan suar suria kelas C atau B. CME impulsif mempunyai sudut lebar lebih daripada 60° dan halaju lebih daripada 500 km/s yang dikaitkan dengan kedua-dua tulang ikan herring (HB) dan struktur harmoni SRBT II. Walau bagaimanapun, 30% daripada CME secara beransur-ansur yang dikaitkan dengan struktur HB SRBT II tidak disertai oleh kehadiran gelombang Moreton. Oleh itu, boleh disimpulkan bahawa CME impulsif terbentuk di bawah pengaruh gelombang Moreton dan CME beransur-ansur muncul tanpa gelombang Moreton, berdasarkan struktur SRBT II.

Kata kunci: Gelombang Moreton; letusan jisim korona; letupan suria radio jenis II; nyalaan suria; wilayah aktif

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^*Corresponding author; email: zetysh@uitm.edu.my