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Sains Malaysiana 51(6)(2022):
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5106-17
Effect of Different Methods
of Deacidification on the Properties of Noni (Morinda citrifolia) Extract
(Kesan Kaedah Berbeza Penyahasidan terhadap Sifat
Ekstrak Mengkudu (Morinda citrifolia))
YAP
YENNY1, MUHAMMAD AFWAN JAMIL1, HASLANIZA HASHIM1,2 & MOHAMAD YUSOF MASKAT1,2,*
1Department of Food Sciences, Faculty of Science and
Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Innovation Center for Confectionery Technology,
Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
Received: 10 July 2021/
Accepted: 26 October 2021
Abstract
Deacidification of fruit extracts is necessary in
certain situations which include consumer preference and product application.
Although deacidification of noni extract using ion exchange resin and calcium
carbonate addition has been reported, comparison between the two methods is
lacking. This study was conducted to compare the effects of different
deacidification treatments of ion exchange resin and calcium carbonate on the
properties of noni extract. Ion exchange resin (Amberlite IRA-67) (R), calcium
carbonate addition (CC), ion exchange resin followed by calcium carbonate
addition (RC) and calcium carbonate addition followed by ion exchange resin
(CR) were used to deacidify noni extract. Subsequently, analysis for pH, total
soluble solids (TSS), total phenolic content (TPC), free radical scavenging
ability (DPPH) and ferric reducing power (FRAP) were carried out. Compared to
control, TPC, DPPH, and FRAP of noni extract decreased significantly
(p<0.05) after deacidification using all different treatments. pH increased
significantly (p<0.05) for all samples. TSS decreased significantly
(p<0.05) after deacidification using all different treatments except for
samples using resin (R) and calcium carbonate (CC). Deacidification using resin
(R) produced a higher pH but lower TPC, DPPH and FRAP compared to calcium
carbonate (CC). Ion exchange resin followed by calcium carbonate (RC)
produced a lower (p<0.05) DPPH compared to calcium carbonate followed by ion
exchange resin (CR). Deacidification of noni extract using calcium carbonate
(CC) was the best method as it produced the smallest (p<0.05) reduction
per change of pH for FRAP and no significant difference for DPPH compared to
ion exchange resin (R).
Keywords:
Antioxidant activity; calcium carbonate; deacidification; ion exchange resin;
noni
Abstrak
Penyahasidan ekstrak buah adalah perlu di dalam keadaan tertentu berdasarkan keperluan pengguna dan aplikasi produk. Walaupun penyahasidan ekstrak mengkudu menggunakan resin penukar ion dan penambahan kalsium karbonat telah dilaporkan, tetapi tiada perbandingan antara dua kaedah ini yang telah dilakukan. Kajian ini dijalankan untuk membandingkan kesan perlakuan penyahasidan yang berbeza iaitu resin penukar ion dan kalsium karbonat terhadap ciri ekstrak mengkudu.
Resin penukar ion (Amberlite IRA-67)(R), penambahan kalsium karbonat (CC), resin penukar ion diikuti dengan penambahan kalsium karbonat (RC) dan penambahan kalsium karbonat diikuti resin penukar ion (CR) telah digunakan untuk penyahasidan ekstrak mengkudu. Seterusnya, analisis untuk pH, jumlah pepejal larut (TSS), jumlah kandungan fenol (TPC), penangkapan radikal bebas (DPPH) dan kuasa penurunan ferik (FRAP) telah dijalankan. Berbanding dengan kawalan, TPC, DPPH dan
FRAP ekstrak mengkudu berkurangan dengan ketara (p<0.05) setelah penyahasidan menggunakan kesemua perlakuan. pH meningkat dengan ketara (p<0.05) untuk semua sampel. TSS berkurangan dengan ketara (p<0.05) selepas penyahasidan oleh semua perlakuan melainkan sampel menggunakan resin (R) dan kalsium karbonat (CC). Penyahasidan menggunakan resin
(R) menghasilkan pH yang lebih tinggi tetapi TPC, DPPH dan
FRAP yang lebih rendah berbanding kalsium karbonat (CC). Penyahasidan menggunakan resin penukar ion diikuti kalsium karbonat (RC) menghasilkan DPPH
yang lebih rendah (p<0.05) berbanding kalsium karbonat diikuti resin penukar ion (CR). Penyahasidan ekstrak mengkudu menggunakan kalsium karbonat (CC) adalah kaedah yang terbaik kerana menghasilkan penurunan terkecil (p<0.05) untuk setiap perubahan pH bagi FRAP dan tiada perbezaan ketara dengan DPPH berbanding resin penukar ion (R).
Kata kunci: Aktiviti antioksidan; kalsium karbonat; mengkudu; penyahasidan; resin penukar ion
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*Corresponding author; email: yusofm@ukm.edu.my
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