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Sains Malaysiana 46(9)(2017): 1429–1439 http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2017-4609-11
Scale Morphologies of Freshwater Fishes at Tembat Forest Reserve,
Terengganu, Malaysia (Morfologi Sisik Ikan Air Tawar di Hutan Simpan Tembat, Terengganu,
Malaysia) FARAH
AYUNI
FARINORDIN*,
WAN
SERIBANI
WAN
NILAM,
SHAHRIL
MOD
HUSIN,
ABDULLAH
SAMAT & SHUKOR MD. NOR School of Environmental
and Natural Resource Sciences, Faculty of Science and Technology Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia Diserahkan: 31 Ogos 2016/Diterima:
1 April 2017 ABSTRACT Scales are calcium carbonate and collagen-contained
structures embedded within the fish epidermis and useful for species
identification. This study aimed to describe morphological characteristics
of scales and use the differences to prepare keys to species. Fishes
were sampled from selected rivers of Tembat Forest Reserve, Hulu
Terengganu. Specimens caught were from 3 families (Cyprinidae, Channidae,
Nandidae) and 17 species. Each species was represented by ten individuals
(size ranges 2.5 - 50 cm TL). The scales were removed, soaked
in H2O2 (0.5%),
NH3 (0.3%), DH2O and mounted between a
pair of glass slides for digital photographing. The morphological
descriptions were based on types of scales, distinctiveness of radii
arrangement at the anterior field, radii cover, radii distribution,
overall shape, focus position and focus pattern. Keys to species
were constructed based on these scale morphological characters described.
Measurements of scale total length (L), total width (W), rostral
field length (L1) and caudal field length (L2) of the scales were
taken using Image J software. The inter-specific variation among
scales was indicated by L1/L, L2/L, L1/L2 and W/L indices through
multiple comparison tests (ANOVA). It was found that all 17 species
showed significant differences with at least one other species in
all four indices. Pristolepis grootii (Bleeker 1852) was the only one that
significantly different (p<0.05) from other
16 species in the first three indices. Species that showed the least
significant differences among species was Probarbus jullieni
(Sauvage 1880). The differences among the scales were primarily
due to the different types of scale that was either ctenoid or cycloid.
Keywords: Freshwater
fishes; scale morphologies; scale types; Tembat Forest Reserve;
Terengganu ABSTRAK Sisik ialah struktur yang mengandungi
komponen kalsium karbonat dan kolagen yang terletak di bawah epidermis
serta berguna untuk pengecaman spesies. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk
menghuraikan ciri morfologi sisik dan menggunakan perbezaan morfologi
tersenarai untuk menyediakan kekunci menuju spesies. Pensampelan
dijalankan di beberapa batang sungai terpilih di Hutan Simpan Tembat,
Hulu Terengganu. Spesimen yang ditangkap terdiri daripada 3 famili,
(Cyprinidae, Channidae, Nandidae) dan 17 spesies. Setiap spesies
diwakili oleh 10 individu (saiz berukuran daripada 2.5 - 50 cm PT). Sisik ditanggalkan, kemudian direndam dalam H2O2
(0.5%), NH3 (0.3%), DH2O
dan diapit di antara sepasang slaid kaca untuk diambil gambar digitalnya.
Huraian ciri morfologi adalah berdasarkan jenis sisik, susunan jelas
jejari di bahagian anterior, litupan jejari, taburan jejari, bentuk
keseluruhan sisik, posisi fokus dan corak fokus. Kekunci menuju
spesies dibuat berasaskan huraian ciri morfologi tersebut. Pengukuran
panjang total (L), lebar total (W), panjang rostrum (L1) dan panjang
kaudal (L2) sisik dibuat menggunakan perisian Image J. Variasi inter-spesifik
dalam kalangan sisik dilihat melalui indeks L1/L, L2/L, L1/L2 dan
W/L melalui ujian analisis perbandingan berganda (ANOVA).
Didapati kesemua 17 spesies menunjukkan perbezaan signifikan dengan
sekurang-kurangnya satu spesies lain dalam keempat-empat indeks.
Pristolepis grootii (Bleeker 1852) merupakan satu-satunya
spesies yang berbeza secara signifikan (p<0.05) daripada 16 spesies
lainnya dalam 3 indeks pertama yang tersebut, manakala spesies yang
menunjukkan perbezaan signifikan paling rendah adalah Probarbus jullieni (Sauvage 1880). Perbezaan utama morfologi
sisik dapat dilihat ketara melalui jenis sisik iaitu sama ada jenis
sikloid atau ktenoid. Kata kunci: Ikan air tawar; Hutan Simpan Tembat; jenis sisik; morfologi
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