Sains Malaysiana 48(4)(2019): 901–908

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2019-4804-23

 

Analisis Penyampulan Data (DEA) Dua Peringkat dalam Mengenal Pasti Faktor Penentu Kecekapan Teknik Firma Pembuatan Pengangkutan

(Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) Two Stages in Identify Determinant Factor of Efficiency Techniques for Transport in Manufacturing Firms)

 

MOHD FAHMY-ABDULLAH¹*, LAI WEI SIENG² & SULHI RIDZUAN²

 

¹Faculty of Technology Management and Business, Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Batu Pahat, Johor Darul Takzim, Malaysia

 

²Faculty of Economics and Management, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

 

Diserahkan: 14 Mac 2018/Diterima: 3 Februari 2019

 

ABSTRAK

Kertas ini bertujuan untuk mengukur skor kecekapan teknik dan mengenal pasti faktor penentu yang mempengaruhi kecekapan teknikal firma pembuatan pengangkutan menggunakan kaedah Analisis Penyampulan Data (DEA) dan data firma bagi tempoh 2005 hingga 2010. Peringkat pertama melibatkan pengiraan skor kecekapan melalui DEA dengan menggunakan data agregat. Pada peringkat kedua, skor kecekapan yang dihitung dalam peringkat pertama akan dijadikan sebagai pemboleh ubah bersandar untuk analisis regresi Tobit. Faktor penentu adalah nisbah modal-buruh, perbelanjaan latihan, nisbah taraf pendidikan, kadar upah, perbelanjaan teknologi maklumat dan komunikasi dan saiz firma. Keputusan menunjukkan purata skor kecekapan adalah tinggi bagi setiap subindustri. Kadar upah dan saiz firma merupakan penentu yang signifikan bagi faktor kecekapan firma pembuatan pengangkutan. Walau bagaimanapun, nisbah modal-buruh dan taraf pendidikan pada peringkat menengah didapati telah mengurangkan tahap kecekapan teknik. Implikasi daripada keputusan ini menunjukkan bahawa firma pembuatan pengangkutan perlu menitikberatkan saiz firma di samping meningkatkan pelaburan dalam modal manusia dan motivasi dalam kalangan pekerja seperti kenaikan kadar upah serta mengurangkan penggunaan modal yang sesuai dengan tahap teknologi dan pekerja mahir.

 

Kata kunci: Analisis Penyampulan Data; firma pembuatan pengangkutan; kecekapan teknik; regresi Tobit

 

ABSTRACT

The aim of this paper was to measure the level of technical efficiency and identify the determinants of this efficiency in the transport-manufacturing firms in Malaysia. The analysis involves two stages. The first stage is applying Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA) to calculate technical efficiency scores using agregate data for the period of 2005-2010 provided by the Department of Statistics, Malaysia. This score is then used as the dependent variable in the second stage to identify technical efficiency determinants using Tobit regression. In this model, the dependent variables are capital-labor ratio, expenditure on training, ratio of workers by educational level, wage rate, expenditure on information technology and communication (ICT) and firm size. The results showed that the levels of technical efficiencies are quite high for all subindustry. Wage and firm size have positive and significant on technical efficiency. The implication from these results is that the transport-manufacturing firms need to increase their investments in human capital, motivate workers and reduce capital usage to suit the level of technology and skilled workers.

 

Keywords: Data Envelopment Analysis; technical efficiency; transport-manufacturing firms; Tobit regression

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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: mohdfahmy@uthm.edu.my