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Sains
Malaysiana 50(10)(2021): 3107-3126
http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2021-5010-23
Keterlarutan
Selulosa, Pelarut dan Produk Selulosa yang Dijana Semula: Suatu Ulasan
(Cellulose
Solubility, Solvent and Their Regenerated Cellulose Products: A Review)
KUSHAIRI
MOHD SALLEH1, SARANI ZAKARIA1*, MARHAINI MOSTAPHA1,
UMAR ADLI AMRAN1, WAN NOOR AIDAWATI WAN NADHARI2 &
NUR AIN IBRAHIM1
1Bioresource & Biorefinery
Research Group, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan
Malaysia, 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Malaysian Institute of Chemical and
Bioengineering Technology, Universiti Kuala Lumpur, Lot 1988 Kawasan
Perindustrian Bandar Vendor, Taboh Naning, 78000 Alor Gajah, Melaka, Malaysia
Diserahkan:
2 Disember 2020/Diterima: 22 Februari 2021
ABSTRAK
Selulosa
ialah polimer semula jadi yang boleh diperbaharui dan biasanya ditemui di dalam
dinding sel tumbuhan. Interaksi hidrofobik yang kompleks serta sifat amfifilik
menyebabkan ia sukar dilarutkan dan seterusnya membataskan penggunaannya secara
menyeluruh. Pemahaman kepada struktur kimia dan fiziknya membolehkan proses
pelarutan berlaku dengan penggunaan jenis pelarut yang bersesuaian. Namun,
pelarut sedia ada bukanlah yang terbaik dan efisien terhadap pelarutan
selulosa. Sehingga kini, kajian kepada jenis pelarut dan mekanisme pelarutan
masih menjadi topik utama penyelidikan. Selulosa yang terlarut pula boleh
dijana semula kepada produk fizikal yang lain, contohnya hidrogel, aerogel,
kriogel dan xerogel.
Produk yang dijana semula daripada selulosa yang terlarut boleh diacukan kepada
pelbagai bentuk yang mempunyai struktur tulang yang kuat dan bersifat
hidrofilik, bioserasi dan terbiodegradasi. Potensi dalam aplikasi yang pelbagai
serta terbukti sebagai alternatif kepada polimer sintetik menjadikan polimer
semula jadi ini berpotensi besar dalam bidang sains dan teknologi. Maka, ulasan
kajian terhadap selulosa, jenis pelarut serta produk yang dijana semula
daripadanya menjadi fokus dalam penulisan makalah ini.
Kata
kunci: Pelarutan; pelarut tak-terbitan; pelarut terbitan; produk terjana semula
ABSTRACT
Cellulose
is a naturally occurring polymer that is renewable and usually found in the
plants' cell wall. Cellulose complex hydrophobic interactions and amphiphilic
character render them difficult to be dissolved and consequently restricting
total utilization. Understanding on their chemical structure and physical
behaviour, introduction to suitable solvent allowing dissolution process to
occur. Nonetheless, the current solvents are not the best and not as efficient
as intended towards cellulose dissolution. Till date, research on solvent types
and their reaction mechanism are still explored and characterized. The
dissolved cellulose can be regenerated to different physical products such as
hydrogel, aerogel, cryogel, and xerogel. The regenerated products from
dissolved cellulose can be moulded into various shape with a strong skeletal
structure and usually hydrophilic, biocompatible, and can be biodegraded.
Cellulose potentials in various applications are proven as an excellent
alternative to the synthetic polymer, making this naturally occurring polymer
has huge potentials in science and technology. Therefore, a review on
cellulose, different types of solvent and regenerated products from cellulose-based
materials are the main focus in this manuscript.
Keywords:
Derivatizing solvent; dissolving; non-derivatizing solvent; regenerated
products
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*Pengarang untuk surat-menyurat; email: szakaria@ukm.edu.my
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