Sains Malaysiana 51(3)(2022): 707-721

http://doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2022-5103-06

Significant Oil Palm Diseases Impeding Global Industry: A Review

(Penyakit Penting Sawit yang Menghalang Industri Global: Satu Ulasan)

MOHD AMAR SHAFIQ SAIPOL ANUAR & NUSAIBAH SYD ALI^*

Department of Plant Protection, Faculty of Agriculture, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia

Diserahkan: 28 Mei 2020/Diterima: 11 Ogos 2021

Abstract

Oil palm is the most well-known high yielding and versatile oil crop grown. In 2019, Malaysia ranked as the world's second largest producer of palm oil products (28%) after Indonesia (57%), contributing around USD 9.07 billion to the country’s Gross Domestic Product (GDP) and has been the main economic contributor in the agriculture sector. In recent years, increase in demand has paralleled production. However, pests and diseases have been the major constraints in production causing reduction in palm oil quality and yield. This paper reviews a current status of oil palm diseases of significant economic importance affecting the global oil palm industry. Plant diseases such as basal stem rot (BSR), Fusarium wilt, Phytophthora bud rot, Pestalotiopsis leaf spot, common spear rot, orange spotting and upper stem rot (USR) have been classified as the major diseases of oil palm in terms of economic importance. This paper discusses on the damages caused by the diseases, the causal pathogens and pathogenicity, symptoms as well as treatments or control in the view of developing measures to manage occurrences.

Keywords: Disease control; oil palm diseases; pathogen

Abstrak

Kelapa sawit terkenal sebagai tanaman yang menghasilkan minyak yang tinggi dan versatil. Pada tahun 2019, Malaysia merupakan pengeluar produk minyak sawit kedua terbesar di dunia (28%) selepas Indonesia (57%) dengan menyumbang sebanyak USD9.07 bilion kepada Keluaran Dalam Negara Kasar (KDNK), sekaligus menjadi penyumbang ekonomi utama dalam sektor pertanian negara. Beberapa tahun kebelakangan ini, peningkatan permintaan adalah selari dengan pengeluaran. Namun begitu, serangan perosak dan penyakit menjadi kekangan utama dalam pengeluaran yang menyebabkan kemerosotan kuantiti serta kualiti minyak sawit. Kertas ini mengulas status semasa penyakit tanaman sawit yang mempunyai kepentingan ekonomi yang ketara serta mempengaruhi industri sawit secara global. Penyakit seperti reput pangkal batang (BSR), layu Fusarium, reput tunas Phytophthora, bintik daun Pestalotiopsis, reput daun muda biasa, bintikan oren dan reput batang atas (USR) telah dikelaskan sebagai penyakit utama sawit. Kertas ini membincangkan kerosakan yang disebabkan oleh penyakit pada sawit, patogen penyebab, keupayaan patogen menyebabkan penyakit, simptom serta rawatan atau kawalan dengan tujuan untuk membangunkan langkah bagi menguruskan kejadian jangkitan.

Kata kunci: Kawalan penyakit; patogen; penyakit kelapa sawit

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