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Sains Malaysiana 47(6)(2018): 1303–1310
http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4706-27
Tensile
Properties, Biodegradability and Bioactivity of Thermoplastic Starch (TPS)/
Bioglass Composites for Bone Tissue Engineering
(Sifat Tegangan,
Keterbiodegradan dan Kebioaktifan Komposit Kanji Termoplastik (TPS)/Biokaca
SYED NUZUL
FADZLI
SYED
ADAM1*,
AZLIN
FAZLINA
OSMAN2 & ROSLINDA SHAMSUDIN1
1School of Applied
Physics, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia
43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia
2Center of Excellence Geopolymer and Green Technology (CEGeoGTech), School of Materials Engineering, Universiti Malaysia Perlis (UniMAP), 02600 Jejawi, Arau, Perlis Indera Kayangan, Malaysia
Received:
3 October 2017/Accepted: 26 January 2018
ABSTRACT
Composite fabricated from the combination of biodegradable polymer
and bioactive filler is beneficial for bone tissue engineering if
the biomaterial can perform similar characteristics of the natural
inorganic-organic structures of bone. In this study, we have investigated
the thermoplastic starch (TPS)/sol-gel derived bioglass composite
as new biomaterial for bone tissue engineering. The composites were
produced using selected TPS/bioglass mass ratio of 100/0, 95/5,
90/10, 85/15 and 80/20 by a combination of solvent casting and salt
leaching techniques. Tensile test results showed the addition of
bioglass increased the tensile strength and Young's modulus, but
reduced the elongation at break of the samples. The modulus
of all samples were higher than the requirement for cancellous
bone (10-20 MPa). The SEM
imaging showed the presence of porous structure on
the surface of all samples. XRD
results confirmed the formation of hydroxycarbonate
apatite (HCA)
layer on the surface of bioglass containing samples; indicating
the occurrence of surface reactions when the samples were immersed
in Simulated Body Fluid (SBF). Furthermore, the presence of P-O
stretch band in FTIR spectrum
between 1000 and 1150 cm-1 and
Si-O-Si stretch band at 1000 cm-1 also
proved the bioactivity of TPS/bioglass composite. The in vitro biodegradability analysis shows the
biodegradability of TPS/bioglass composite decreases with
increasing mass ratio of the bioglass.
Keywords: Bioactivity; biodegradability; bioglass; polymer
composite; thermoplastic starch
ABSTRAK
Komposit yang difabrikasikan daripada gabungan
polimer terbiodegradasi dan pengisi bioaktif adalah berfaedah untuk
kejuruteraan tisu tulang jika bahan bio tersebut boleh menghasilkan
ciri-ciri yang serupa dengan struktur inorganik-organik semula jadi
tulang. Di dalam kajian ini, kami
mengkaji komposit kanji termoplastik (TPS)/biokaca berasaskan sol-gel
sebagai bahan bio baharu untuk kejuruteraan tisu tulang.
Komposit tersebut dihasilkan mengikut nisbah berat yang terpilih
iaitu 100/0, 95/5, 90/10, 85/15 dan 80/20 dengan menggunakan gabungan
teknik penuangan pelarut dan larut lesap garam. Keputusan
ujian tegangan mendedahkan penambahan biokaca dalam matriks TPS telah meningkatkan kekuatan
tegangan dan modulus Young di samping merendahkan pemanjangan takat
putus sampel. Modulus semua sampel adalah
lebih tinggi daripada nilai diperlukan tulang berongga. Pengimejan
SEM
mendedahkan kewujudan struktur berliang di permukaan
semua sampel. Keputusan XRD mengesahkan pembentukan lapisan hidroksikarbonat
apatit (HCA) pada permukaan sampel mengandungi
biokaca, menunjukkan berlakunya reaksi permukaan apabila sampel
direndam dalam cecair badan simulasi (SBF). Tambahan pula, spektrum
FTIR
menunjukkan kehadiran jalur regangan P-O antara 1000
dan 1150 cm-1
dan jalur regangan Si-O-Si pada 1000 cm-1, juga membuktikan sifat
bioaktif komposit TPS/ biokaca. Analisis
keterbiodegradasian in vitro pada
komposit menunjukkan keterbiodegradasian komposit TPS/biokaca
berkurangan dengan peningkatan nisbah berat biokaca.
Kata kunci: Biokaca; kanji termoplastik (TPS); bioaktiviti; keterbiodegradan; komposit
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*Corresponding
author: syed.nuzul@unimap.edu.my
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