Sains Malaysiana 47(6)(2018): 1311–1318

http://dx.doi.org/10.17576/jsm-2018-4706-28

Immobilization of Bovine Serum Albumin on the Chitosan/PVA Film

(Imobilisasi Serum Bovin pada Filem Kitosan/PVA)

NURUL MUJAHIDAH AHMAD KHAIRUDDIN^1*, AMALINA MUHAMMAD AFIFI^1,4, NUR AWANIS HASHIM², SHAZA EVA MOHAMAD³ & KATAYOON KALANTARI^1,4

¹Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur,

Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia

²Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Malaya

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia

³Department of Environmental and Green Technology (EGT), Malaysia Japan International Institute of Technology (MJIIT), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, Jalan Sultan Yahya Petra,

54100 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia

⁴Centre of Advanced Materials (CAM), Faculty of Engineering, University of Malaya

50603 Kuala Lumpur, Wilayah Persekutuan, Malaysia

Received: 21 August 2017/Accepted: 26 January 2018

ABSTRACT

Chitosan/polyvinyl alcohol (Chitosan/PVA) blended film was prepared by direct blend process and solution casting methods. In order to reduce the swelling ratio and enhance the chemical and mechanical stability, Chitosan/PVA film was cross-linked with glutaraldehyde in order to produce Chitosan-g-PVA. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) was used as a model protein to incorporate into the Chitosan-g-PVA. The chemical structure and morphological characteristics of films were studied by FT-IR and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Mechanical and physical properties of blended films such as tensile properties in the dry and wet states, water uptake and water contact angle measurement were characterized. Blending PVA and chitosan improved strength and flexibility of the films. Crosslinking with glutaraldehyde further improves the tensile strength and decrease the hydrophilicity of films. BSA immobilized on the Chitosan-g-PVA film was calculated as BSA encapsulation efficiency.

Keywords: Bovine serum albumin; chitosan; glutaraldehyde; polyvinyl alcohol

ABSTRAK

Filem Kitosan/polivinil alkohol (Kitosan/PVA) telah dihasilkan melalui proses pengadunan dan teknik pembentukan larutan. Dalam usaha untuk mengurangkan nisbah pembengkakan dan meningkatkan kestabilan mekanikal dan kimia, Kitosan/PVA filem telah ditaut silang dengan menggunakan glutaraldehid untuk menghasilkan Kitosan-g-PVA. Serum bovin albumin (SBA) telah digunakan sebagai model protein untuk dicampurkan ke dalam Kitosan-g-PVA. Struktur kimia dan ciri morfologi filem telah dikaji dengan menggunakan FT-IR dan mikroskop elektron pengimbas (SEM). Sifat mekanikal dan fizikal filem seperti sifat tegangan filem dalam keadaan kering dan basah, kadar pengambilan air dan pengukuran sudut sentuhan air dicirikan. Pengadunan PVA dan kitosan memperbaiki kekuatan dan keluwesan filem. Proses taut silang dengan glutaraldehid meningkatkan lagi kekuatan tegangan dan mengurangkan sifat hidrofili filem. Immobilisasi SBA pada filem Kitosan-g-PVA dinilai sebagai kecekapan pengkapsulan SBA.

Kata kunci: Glutaraldehid; kitosan; polivinil alkohol; serum bovin albumin

REFERENCES

Abrahama, A., Soloman, P.A. & Reijini, V.O. 2016. Preparation of chitosan-polyvinyl alcohol blends and studies on thermal and mechanical properties. Procedia Technology 24: 741-748.

Azwa, Z.N., Yousif, B.F., Manalo, A.C. & Karunasena, W. 2013. A review on the degradability of polymeric composites based on natural fibre. Materials and Design 47: 424-442.

Bradford, M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive method for the quantitation of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Analytical Biochemistry 72(1-2): 248-254.

Bangyekan, C., Aht-Ong, D. & Srikulkit, K. 2006. Preparation and properties evaluation of chitosan-coated cassava starch films. Carbohydrate Polymers 63(1): 61-71.

Beppu, M.M., Vieira, R.S., Aimoli, C.G. & Santana, C.C. 2007. Crosslinking of chitosan membranes using glutaraldehyde: Effect on ion permeability and water absorption. Journal of Membrane Science 301(1-2): 126-130.

Bahrami, S.B., Kordestani, S.S., Mirzadeh, H. & Mansoori, P. 2002. Poly (vinyl alcohol) - chitosan blends: Preparation, mechanical and physical properties. Iranian Polymer Journal 12(2): 139-146.

Calvo, P., Lopez, C.A., Jato, J.C.V. & Alonso, M.J. 1997. Chitosan and chitosan/ethylene oxide-propylene oxide block copolymer nanoparticles as novel carriers for proteins and vaccines. Pharmaceutical Research 14(10): 1431-1436.

Chui, W.K. & Wan, L.S. 1997. Prolonged retention of cross-linked trypsin in calcium alginate microspheres. Journal of Microencapsulation 14(1): 51-61.

Danwanichakul, P. & Sirikhajornnam, P. 2013. An investigation of chitosan-grafted-poly(vinyl alcohol) as an electrolyte membrane. Journal of Chemistry 2013: Article ID. 642871.

Elbahri, M., Homaeigohar, S., Abdelaziz, R., Dai, T., Khalil, R. & Zillohu, A.U. 2012. Smart metal–polymer bionanocomposites as omnidirectional plasmonic black absorber formed by nanofluid filtration. Advanced Functional Materials 22(22): 4771-4777.

El-Hefian, E.A., Nasef, M.M. & Yahaya, A.H. 2010. The preparation and characterization of chitosan/poly (vinyl alcohol) blended films. Journal of Chemistry 7(4): 1212- 1219.

Frokjaer, S. & Otzen, D.E. 2005. Protein drug stability: A formulation challenge. Nature 4(4): 298-306.

Govindasamy, K., Ramli, M.H., Pasbakhsh, P., Pushpamalar, V. & Salamatinia, B. 2015. Chitosan/cellulose/halloysite membranes produced using solvent casting method. Polymers & Polymer Composites 23(5): 325-332.

Homaeigohar, S., Dai, T.H. & Elbahri, M. 2013. Biofunctionalized nanofibrous membranes as super separators of protein and enzyme from water. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science 406: 86-93.

Kim, U.J., Lee, Y.R., Kang, T.H., Choi, J.W., Kimura, S. & Wada, M. 2017. Protein adsorption of dialdehyde cellulose-crosslinked chitosan with high amino group contents. Carbohydrate Polymers 163: 34-42.

Katchalski-Katzir, E. & Kraemer, D.M. 2000. A carrier for immobilization of enzymes of industrial potential. Journal of Molecular Catalysis B-Enzymatic 10(1-3): 157-176.

Liu, L. & Pan, Z. 2014. Properties of hydrophilic chitosan/ polysulfone nanofibrous filtration membrane. Journal of Engineered Fibers and Fabrics 9(1): 76-86.

Migneault, I., Dartiguenave, C., Bertrand, M.J. & Waldron, K.C. 2004. Glutaraldehyde: Behavior in aqueous solution, reaction with proteins, and application to enzyme crosslinking. Biotechniques 37(5): 790-802.

Ma’ruf, M.T., Siswomihardjo, W., Soesatyo, M.H. & Tontowi, A.E. 2015. Effect of glutaraldehyde as a crosslinker on mechanical caharacteristics of catgut reinforced polyvinyl alchohol-hydroxyapatite composite as bone fracture fixation material. ARPN Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences 10(15): 6359-6364.

Nakorn, P.N. 2008. Chitin nanowhisker and chitosan nanoparticles in protein immobilization for biosensor applications. Journal of Metals, Materials and Minerals 18(2): 73-77.

Paluszkiewicza, C., Stodolak, E., Hasika, M. & Blazewicz, M. 2011. FT-IR study of montmorillonite–chitosan nanocomposite materials. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy 79(4): 784-788.

Roozbahani, F., Sultana, N., Almasi, D. & Naghizadeh, F. 2014. Effects of chitosan concentration on the protein release behaviour of electrospun poly(e-caprolactone)/chitosan nanofibers. Journal of Nanomaterials 2015: Article ID. 747420.

Riyasudheen, N., Aswini, K.K., Jayadevan, J. & Athiyanathil, S. 2012. Bovine serum albumin immobilized-polyvinyl alcohol membranes: A study based on sorption, dye release and protein adsorption. Polymer-Plastics Technology and Engineering 51(13): 1351-1354.

Svangariyaskul, A., Huang, R.Y.M., Douglas, P.L., Pal, R., Feng, X., Chen, P. & Liu, L. 2006. Blended chitosan and polyvinyl alcohol membranes for the pervaporation dehydration of isopropanol. Journal of Membrane Science 280(1-2): 815- 823.

Viera, R.S. & Beppu, M. 2005. Mercury ion recovery using natural and crosslinked chitosan membranes. Journal of the International Adsorption Society 11(1): 731-736.

Zhang, H.L., Wu, S.H., Tao, Y., Zang, L.Q. & Su, Z. 2010. Preparation and characterization of water-soluble chitosan nanoparticles as protein delivery system. Journal of Nanomaterials 2010: Article ID. 898910.

Zhuang, P.Y., Li, Y.L., Fan, L., Lin, J. & Hu, Q.L. 2012. Modification of chitosan membrane with poly(vinyl alcohol) and biocompatibility evaluation. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules 50(3): 658-663.

*Corresponding author; email: nurul2209@gmail.com